Reactivity

Declare state

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<script>
  let name = $state("John");
</script>

<h1>Hello {name}</h1>

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<let/name="John">
<h1>Hello ${name}</h1>

Update state

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<script>
  let name = $state("John");
  name = "Jane";
</script>

<h1>Hello {name}</h1>

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<let/name="John">
<script>name = "Jane"</script>
<h1>Hello ${name}</h1>

Computed state

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<script>
  let count = $state(10);
  const doubleCount = $derived(count * 2);
</script>

<div>{doubleCount}</div>

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<let/count=10>
<const/doubleCount=count * 2>
<div>${doubleCount}</div>

Templating

Minimal template

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<h1>Hello world</h1>

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<h1>Hello world</h1>

Styling

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<h1 class="title">I am red</h1>
<button style="font-size: 10rem;">I am a button</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>

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<h1.title>I am red</h1>
<button style={ "font-size": "10rem" }>I am a button</button>
<button class=scopedButton>I am a style-scoped button</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>
<style/{ scopedButton }>
  .scopedButton {
    font-size: 10rem;
  }
</style>

Loop

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<script>
  const colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];
</script>

<ul>
  {#each colors as color (color)}
    <li>{color}</li>
  {/each}
</ul>

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<ul>
  <for|color| of=["red", "green", "blue"]>
    <li>${color}</li>
  </for>
</ul>

Event click

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<script>
  let count = $state(0);

  function incrementCount() {
    count++;
  }
</script>

<p>Counter: {count}</p>
<button onclick={incrementCount}>+1</button>

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<let/count=0>
<p>Counter: ${count}</p>
<button onClick() { count++ }>+1</button>

Dom ref

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<script>
  let inputElement;

  $effect(() => {
    inputElement.focus();
  });
</script>

<input bind:this={inputElement} />

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<input/inputElement>
<script>
  inputElement().focus();
</script>

Conditional

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<script>
  const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["red", "orange", "green"];
  let lightIndex = $state(0);

  const light = $derived(TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[lightIndex]);

  function nextLight() {
    lightIndex = (lightIndex + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
  }
</script>

<button onclick={nextLight}>Next light</button>
<p>Light is: {light}</p>
<p>
  You must
  {#if light === "red"}
    <span>STOP</span>
  {:else if light === "orange"}
    <span>SLOW DOWN</span>
  {:else if light === "green"}
    <span>GO</span>
  {/if}
</p>

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static const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["red", "orange", "green"];
<let/lightIndex=0>
<const/light=TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[lightIndex]>

<button onClick() { lightIndex = (lightIndex + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length }>
  Next light
</button>
<p>Light is: ${light}</p>
<p>
  You must
  <if=light === "red">STOP</if>
  <else if=light === "orange">SLOW DOWN</else>
  <else>GO</else>
</p>

Lifecycle

On mount

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<script>
  let pageTitle = $state("");
  $effect(() => {
    pageTitle = document.title;
  });
</script>

<p>Page title: {pageTitle}</p>

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<let/pageTitle="">
<script>pageTitle = document.title</script>
<p>Page title: ${pageTitle}</p>

On unmount

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<script>
  let time = $state(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());

  $effect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
    }, 1000);

    return () => clearInterval(timer);
  });
</script>

<p>Current time: {time}</p>

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<let/time=new Date()>
<script>
  const id = setInterval(() => time = new Date(), 1000);
  $signal.onabort = () => clearInterval(id)
</script>
<p>Current time: ${time.toLocaleTimeString()}</p>

Component composition

Props

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<script>
  import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.svelte";
</script>

<UserProfile
  name="John"
  age={20}
  favouriteColors={["green", "blue", "red"]}
  isAvailable
/>

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<UserProfile
  name="John"
  age=20
  favouriteColors=["green", "blue", "red"]
  isAvailable
/>

Emit to parent

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<script>
  import AnswerButton from "./AnswerButton.svelte";

  let isHappy = $state(true);

  function onAnswerNo() {
    isHappy = false;
  }

  function onAnswerYes() {
    isHappy = true;
  }
</script>

<p>Are you happy?</p>
<AnswerButton onYes={onAnswerYes} onNo={onAnswerNo} />
<p style="font-size: 50px;">{isHappy ? "😀" : "😥"}</p>

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<let/isHappy=true>
<p>Are you happy?</p>
<AnswerButton
  onYes() { isHappy = true }
  onNo() { isHappy = false }
/>
<p style={ "font-size": 50 }>${isHappy ? "😀" : "😥"}</p>

Slot

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<script>
  import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.svelte";
</script>

<FunnyButton>Click me!</FunnyButton>

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<FunnyButton>Click me!</FunnyButton>

Slot fallback

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<script>
  import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.svelte";
</script>

<FunnyButton />
<FunnyButton>I got content!</FunnyButton>

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<FunnyButton/>
<FunnyButton>I got content!</FunnyButton>

Context

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<script>
  import { setContext } from "svelte";
  import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.svelte";
  import createUserState from "./createUserState.svelte.js";

  const user = createUserState({
    id: 1,
    username: "unicorn42",
    email: "[email protected]",
  });

  setContext("user", user);
</script>

<h1>Welcome back, {user.username}</h1>
<UserProfile />

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<let/user={
  id: 1,
  username: "unicorn42",
  email: "[email protected]",
}>
<const/updateUsername(newUsername) {
  user = { ...user, username: newUsername };
}>

<h1>Welcome back, ${user.username}</h1>
<context={ ...user, updateUsername }>
  <UserProfile />
</context>

Form input

Input text

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<script>
  let text = $state("Hello World");
</script>

<p>{text}</p>
<input bind:value={text} />

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<let/text="Hello world">
<p>${text}</p>
<input value:=text>

Checkbox

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<script>
  let isAvailable = $state(false);
</script>

<input id="is-available" type="checkbox" bind:checked={isAvailable} />
<label for="is-available">Is available</label>

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<input#is-available
  type="checkbox"
  checked:=input.isAvailable
>
<label for="is-available">Is available</label>

Radio

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<script>
  let picked = $state("red");
</script>

<div>Picked: {picked}</div>

<input id="blue-pill" bind:group={picked} type="radio" value="blue" />
<label for="blue-pill">Blue pill</label>

<input id="red-pill" bind:group={picked} type="radio" value="red" />
<label for="red-pill">Red pill</label>

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<let/picked="red">

<div>Picked: ${picked}</div>
<input#blue-pill
  type="radio"
  value="blue"
  checkedValue:=picked
>
<label for="blue-pill">Blue pill</label>

<input#red-pill
  type="radio"
  value="red"
  checkedValue:=picked
>
<label for="red-pill">Red pill</label>

Select

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<script>
  let selectedColorId = $state(2);

  const colors = [
    { id: 1, text: "red" },
    { id: 2, text: "blue" },
    { id: 3, text: "green" },
    { id: 4, text: "gray", isDisabled: true },
  ];
</script>

<select bind:value={selectedColorId}>
  {#each colors as color}
    <option value={color.id} disabled={color.isDisabled}>
      {color.text}
    </option>
  {/each}
</select>

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static const colors = [
  { id: 1, text: "red" },
  { id: 2, text: "blue" },
  { id: 3, text: "green" },
  { id: 4, text: "gray", isDisabled: true },
];
<let/selectedColorId=2>

<select value:=selectedColorId>
  <for|{ id, isDisabled, text }| of=colors>
    <option value=id disabled=isDisabled>
      ${text}
    </option>
  </for>
</select>

Webapp features

Render app

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<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="./app.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

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<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="./app.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

Fetch data

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<script>
  import useFetchUsers from "./useFetchUsers.svelte.js";

  const response = useFetchUsers();
</script>

{#if response.isLoading}
  <p>Fetching users...</p>
{:else if response.error}
  <p>An error occurred while fetching users</p>
{:else if response.users}
  <ul>
    {#each response.users as user}
      <li>
        <img src={user.picture.thumbnail} alt="user" />
        <p>
          {user.name.first}
          {user.name.last}
        </p>
      </li>
    {/each}
  </ul>
{/if}

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<try>
  <await|{ results: users }|=fetch("https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3").then(res => res.json())>
    <ul>
      <for|{ picture, name }| of=users>
        <li>
          <img src=picture.thumbnail alt="user">
          <p>${name.first} ${name.last}</p>
        </li>
      </for>
    </ul>
  </await>
  <@placeholder>
    <p>Fetching users...</p>
  </@placeholder>
  <@catch|error|>
    <p>An error occurred while fetching users</p>
  </@catch>
</try>